Vacuum Industry | Year | Equipment Develoment | Credit | |
1643 | Mercury Barometer |
Torricelli | ||
1849 | Bourdon Gauge |
Bourdon | ||
Founded | 1850 | |||
Founded | Heraeus |
1851 | ||
1855 | Mercury piston pump |
Geissler | ||
1865 | Mercury siphon pump |
Sprengel | ||
1874 | Herbert G. Mcleod | |||
Founded | 1885 | |||
Founded | 1890 | |||
Founded | 1895 | |||
1906 | Pirani | |||
Voege | ||||
1910 | ||||
1913 | Mercury vapour diffusion pump |
Langmuir, Gaede | ||
Molecular drag pump |
Gaede, Holweck | |||
1916 | Hot cathode ionization gauge |
Buckley | ||
1917 | Lorenz | |||
Founded | 1919 | |||
1924 | Stokes Co. | |||
1926 | Burch, Hickma | |||
1929 | Capacitance manometer |
Olsen & Hurst | ||
Founded | 1934 | |||
Founded | 1938 | |||
1943 | Backus, Noir, Manhattan Project | |||
Founded | 1946 | |||
Founded | 1947 | |||
Founded | 1948 | |||
Founded | 1952 | |||
Founded | 1953 | Better pumping with evaporated Ti |
Herb | |
1954 | Hot cathode Magnetron vacuum gauge |
Conn & Daglish | ||
1955 | Commercial Roots Vacuum Pump |
Leybold, Philander and Francis Marion Roots | ||
1957 | Becker, Pfeiffer | |||
Founded | 1958 | |||
1958 | First Integrated Circuit (Germanium) |
Jack Kilby (Texas Inst.) | ||
1958 | Second Integrated Printed Circuit (Silicon) |
Robert Noyce, Traitorous Eight, (Fairchild) | ||
1959 |
Hall, Varian | |||
Founded | 1959 | Cold cathode Magnetron vacuum gauge | Penning | |
Founded | MKS Instuments |
1961 | Wolfe | |
Founded | ||||
Founded | 1962 | |||
1962 | A partial pressure of 10^-17mbar is measured with magnetic-sector mass spectrometer |
William D. Davis | ||
Founded | 1963 | |||
Founded | 1964 | |||
Founded | 1967 | |||
1969 | Association of Vacuum Equipment Manufacturers AVEM Founded |
AVEM | ||
Merged | ||||
Founded | 1973 | |||
Founded | 1974 | |||
1978 | Stokes Co. | |||
Founded | 1980 | Thermal FM/MFC instruments |
MKS | |
Founded | 1983 | |||
Founded | 1988 | |||
1989 | All metal MFCs |
MKS | ||
Founded | 1990 | |||
1992 | Hybrid turomolecular/molecular drag pump |
|||
1994 | Mini Baratron |
MKS | ||
Founded | 1995 | |||
Acquires | 2001 |